5 Possible Side Effects of Probiotics

While Probiotics are Generally Safe, Some People may Experience:

While probiotics may provide health benefits, they can also cause side effects, including bloating. They may also not be safe for some people.

Probiotics are living bacteria and yeasts that provide health benefits when consumed in large amounts.

Unpleasant Digestive Symptoms:

Some people may experience an increase in gas, bloating, constipation or thirst when starting probiotics. These side effects usually subside within a few weeks.

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* One study found that 83% of people who took probiotics for the first time experienced some gastrointestinal symptoms (1).

Amines in Fermented Foods May Trigger Headaches:

Probiotic-rich foods, like yogurt, sauerkraut and kimchi, contain biogenic amines. These amines can excite the central nervous system, increase or decrease blood flow, and may trigger headaches in people sensitive to the substance (4, 5).

* Some studies have found that low-histamine diets reduced headaches in 75% of participants (7, 8).

Probiotic Allergens and Lactose:

People with a history of allergies should exercise caution when taking probiotics. Some supplements may contain allergens or be derived from dairy products. Additionally, lactose may cause side effects in individuals who are lactose intolerant.

* One study found that a small number of participants with lactose intolerance experienced unpleasant symptoms, such as gas and bloating (11).

Increased Risk of Infection:

Probiotics may increase the risk of infection in rare cases, especially for people with compromised immune systems. This is often the result of the bacteria entering the bloodstream and causing an infection (12).

Miscellaneous Side Effects:

Rarely, some people may experience diarrhea, stomach cramps, fatigue, or body aches when taking probiotics (13).