Spotting the signs of disordered eating in youth: Tips for parents and caregivers

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The rise of eating disorders in young Canadians

Eating disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, binge-eating disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are serious mental health conditions that affect approximately one million Canadians. These conditions are also on the rise in youth, with research showing that health-care visits for eating disorders doubled during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic.

Impact of eating disorders

Individuals with eating disorders experience a problematic relationship with food, often accompanied by significant distress about their weight, shape, and size. Many experience body image dissatisfaction and restrictive eating.

Eating disorders do not discriminate. They can occur in people of any race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic class, or gender. Youth who do not fit the stereotype of an eating disorder, especially those from Black, Indigenous, and racialized backgrounds, may face delayed recognition and diagnosis.

Signs of disordered eating in youth

Considering the growing concern about the rise in eating disorder behavior in youth, and the importance of timely recognition and action, the following signs and symptoms of disordered eating are important to look out for:

Behaviours Related to Disordered Eating

• Excessive exercise to reduce weight or change body shape
• Going to the bathroom immediately after eating
• Eating in secret
• Restricting foods, such as a specific food group
• A preoccupation with losing weight or maintaining a low body weight
• Frequently weighing themselves because of body image dissatisfaction
• Unusual behavior around food such as weighing/measuring food or cutting food into tiny pieces, or large consumption of liquids at mealtimes

Physical Signs of Disordered Eating

• Unexplained weight loss or weight fluctuations (up or down)
• Delayed puberty or amenorrhea (missed periods)
• Sensitive or damaged teeth
• Dizziness or fainting
• Feeling cold
• Stomach pain

Social and Psychological Signs of Disordered Eating

• Personality changes, such as social withdrawal and increased irritability
• Depression or anxiety
• Fighting with others about food, eating, and weight
• Avoidance of food-related social activities like birthdays or sleepovers

General Recommendations for all Parents and Caregivers

1. Be on the lookout for sudden or drastic changes in your child’s eating habits, such as extreme dieting, avoiding certain foods, preoccupation with weight, and fears about losing control of overeating. Also, keep an eye out for frequent fluctuations in meal patterns.
2. Pay attention to physical changes you notice in your child, such as unexplained weight loss or gain, persistent fatigue, or changes in mood. These could be signs of underlying issues related to disordered eating.
3. Be mindful of withdrawal from social situations that centre on food, such as avoiding gatherings where meals are involved.

Conclusion

Spotting the signs of disordered eating in youth is crucial for timely and appropriate intervention. By recognizing the signs and symptoms above, parents and caregivers can take proactive steps towards supporting their child’s mental health.

FAQs

Q: My child has never shown any outward signs of disordered eating. How do I know if they are struggling?
A: Not all signs of disordered eating are physically apparent. Keep an eye out for mood changes, withdrawal from social situations, or changes in eating habits.

Q: Why is it important to address early interventions?
A: Research suggests that quickly seeking help may support better recovery from an eating disorder.

Q: What if I experience long wait times for targeted support in my area? Can I still get help?
A: Yes, there are reputable organizations in Canada that provide support for individuals struggling with disordered eating.

Q: Can I talk with my child about my concerns?
A: YES! Express compassion, kindness, and concern about their health and well-being.

Q: How can I get connected with a healthcare professional?
A: Set an appointment with your primary care provider and come to your appointment prepared to discuss the type of behaviour you have been seeing.

Q: What help is available for individuals struggling with an eating disorder?
A: The National Eating Disorders Information Centre helpline and live chat are available seven days a week. For Helpline, call 1-866-NEDIC-20 (toll-free) or visit nedic.ca.